ASI SEBAGAI INTERVENSI KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47080/gh2m9936Keywords:
ASI, menyusui, kesehatan bayi, kesehatan ibu, kebijakan kesehatanAbstract
Cakupan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan di Indonesia masih tertinggal, hanya mencapai sekitar 52,5% pada tahun 2022. Padahal ASI tidak hanya menyediakan energi makronutrien seperti karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak, tetapi juga mengandung mikronutrien penting termasuk vitamin dan mineral. ASI juga mendukung perkembangan organ secara optimal, membentuk kekebalan, serta mengatur metabolisme tubuh. Meskipun manfaat ASI begitu banyak, implementasi menyusui di Indonesia memiliki beragam tantangan. Artikel ini meninjau bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai peran ASI sebagai pondasi kesehatan ibu dan anak dari dua sudut pandang utama: biomedis dan kesehatan masyarakat. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci breastfeeding, breast milk, maternal health, dan child health. Hanya artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 dan 2025 yang dipilih berdasarkan relevansinya dengan topik dan kesesuaian metodologinya. Praktik pemberian ASI eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama terbukti efektif menurunkan angka kesakitan, kematian bayi, serta risiko stunting. Namun, cakupan ASI eksklusif di Indonesia masih belum optimal akibat berbagai hambatan seperti keterbatasan cuti melahirkan, kurangnya fasilitas laktasi di tempat kerja, serta gencarnya promosi susu formula yang menjadi penghalang bagi ibu untuk memberikan ASI. Aktivitas menyusui menjadi sebuah investasi biologis dan emosional yang berdampak positif bagi ibu dan anak. Dalam mendukung praktik menyusui yang optimal, diperlukan kebijakan dan dukungan sosial yang memadai, termasuk fasilitas laktasi dan edukasi yang menyeluruh
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